                          ˿µϣ20080728գ

08.07.28, ͻסѰò˵ࡷ
08.07.28, ﷽ȡѧΪ˱أ
08.07.28, AmselйԤ
08.07.28, Ƽȿ֡ж
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08.07.28, ΢ҽ5νҽչʾȻԭ
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08.07.28, Ұèҿ˿۵ĵá
08.07.28, ѰǶѰʡ
08.07.28, RobinBillDCġشϡ΢ǰ𣿡

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ߣͻ

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սӵĺĿõаýʦ󵼹ڣɿ˱
ȴͼıһ˽ĳУΪڼŪԶ֮Ϊ
Ƿ̫࣬де㳤࣬λһ

1ϷϵѰеа

ϷϵϽȷڵĺ࣬ȡйý壬
࣬ǣдĶҲͶЩҧˡ£̫
ÿشߣ档Ϸϵ֮ˣ
֮Ϊҵý塱ǿѰҧڣ׬ȡ
ѣҲ˵Щ滰ȻҪ׬ǮѰ֮£
ǴаµǴӵǰ㰴಻סԼ
ҲˡڶѵıУЩαֻʵ硶Ϸ
ĩѵƷõľȻסĺӡĽۣù
Ա˵ʱǮﲻࡱĽܣͶ϶Ǹ
ЦǳȥɷòʱǮĸùݸסﲻࡱѵͲ
ǡҧ˵ĹСѵýѳĿ̻Щ̱˿
˾Ͳ𣿾֪Ϸϵڳ־հ׬󣬾
ʼɽţھʡйˣ̲鰡ٿ
νĲɷãȻѹ˼߲صĵ׿㣬еѡСڡ
硱֮Ϊѵ֤ˣԼдЩ˼棬͸
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ǻ𣿲Ϻǿ԰˴ȥӳ
Ǿ֤˵ĶĶǴ𣿿ЦǴƫĵı
šԳ塱岻ĳһ֮аƭ˶ˣǲ
ΪǮĻô˾˵һ㲻ǳŹƶġ

2ʦı

ʦʦЭͼ졢ӳ⣬ȴ²˵İ绤
ǵšʦδйĶýԤ˾ߣΪʲôΪ֪
ǲܱ֤˾ġ󰸣Ժⶫñʷ
̭ˣʾǷߣʫˣǷ١Ϸ
ƪƭô˾֪˰ɣҪٺãҲ˵й
ҵߵķˮƽ͵²ܷ߹٣ߵĲɷ˾һ
𣿼һĲȨ˵ڷ
ģȫӦģĳЩ˵Ҫ㡰šǾͻˡ
Ǵ½ϵݲⶫѡα֤ͶƱè
⣿п˵ļסܴȫԡ
šڹŽ⡢ڽᡢҲӦС뵱˽Իɱ
ԬԻٳͿ̿Ӣ羸ӵŲףɴ
׶ѡɼ۵ȷǱṩƬʵҵģȫ
סصһʵʦ֪ӣȴ˳ȥѱ
ҲҲй࣬Լ
ʦˡ󣬡ԶĶЩʲôʦ
ԭʦĲͰɣ˽ýɷõĹԼ¼в֪٣
֪һûУ治֪ʦǼߡЩ֪Ĵʦȥˣ
Ȼҡ

3һʵ

ۺб侲ĻѻԭѵıĿҲ
Ѳͬ

Ǽ˽ˡ28ûĸȴ
ĸ׿ǮɽˮЩɣֻȨ֣Էȴ
֮Աǣ±ؼԼʥַּԼĺöжΪ
ı׼ŲĿľݵͥͳȥ105յϺբ
ʱֵȫϵͳҵؿչгרжеʱΪ
֤բϺгߵļеأϷϵΪ֤
Ҳʵһгǰо
̲飬лæеȥΪμɱסˡ
̲鲻й£飨Ϊ֪ǺڳҲ⳵
չִ֪ܽʲôйѡǿ
һò⳵ƾ֤Ķھǰζһ£ʹغ;
¼Ϊ֤ȫ֮һϺһ40ӣ
Ƽͨ񡣾ӹҲסˣҪ뿪ֳ
ɳȥѵȻɣ˫нɳڳʾ
ͳʾ⳵ƾ֤ѸٶԼʥȨо
нŹ򡱣롰ŹʵеԶˣЩ
ʻ㲻ð˳ţ˿ʼϺ칤ˣ˶
죬Ժû֧оѿʼãܾ뿪ɳ
α㲻ڰСʱ㬵뿪ˡӴˣһ
ѪĻˡ

2008 ȥɽ棬ʷѩ֣ԸúŶƱ̬
ޱȣάľڡŪһȨ
ִ׷Ȼõ3ԪǿʲôҲҿ3Ԫ
ҲλһҲ˺Ϻȡ
ɺ˸ķŭ

Ұƫִ12ʱĸ죬ĸסĸΪһ
Դ׵˳ϷáӻǷֱѰ
ֱӹϵŴͻزɱŤѵ˸Ҳ
±롰ָ˵ϰߡմ˾Ķ֪йҪָ
 ˵ǶôסΪڸ˵
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ҪһǧһڣƽʱЩְҵϷ߲ɻͿթǮţ
һ˳ľвҪϷáҪط쵼ÿйҪӵ
ϴͳÿشգЩӻסϱݣó
úȺ棬ȹڻġ죨òȥĵù˰һȰɱ
ĸߺ۸ˣ~ֳԶˣ˵ѣճоͳר
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ЩףվھſƿڴҲһھӵķ
ţھſڡ˶ɷ˭˶ͷ綷
ڻϤɱ˵ġ׳١ھɸ󱳷Ϊ˵ĸ
ڱբץԺѺȻؿϣҪǮ
ʱΪ˰ѣԼֻѣͱĸ
ͨ˻Ĺ˷ãΪϢˣȥ˱ͬ
Բ;绰ѵ1500ԪϷֽ˵ľǮĿ
ĸȴҪ15ǧԪɽһֵ3ţ
Ϸֽ˵ľǮĿҪ󿪳¾졣ΪԼ
ԷҪ̫֣ʹ̸ˡȥûϢѵķŭ
ȴһ̳߼ôҲϺľȻҲ
ɽٵǮȷһδۣڷŭּһ
С޾죬ҲڵԿصĵز¶
ǷḻģŭеԼһ߶Ĵ
һ¡2008626գϺʼ˾ĵ׼71գ
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޹ʧˣͨͥˣŵӺͶŮ
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նɱͬѧ£СǷͬѧ衱Щý
ȴŹˣΪ15ǧԪɱ죬ЩýȴҲϷ
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ҥأ֪ʿɿʿϢ˵˵
ΪǰǺԤȵݺõĹȥڡа
ǣǵģʲô˲̣ΪΪӺ
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4ھһЩ

һ̲ĺϷԼǷۡ顣㷨ɵ˶֪
Ȩȫ羯춼У򷴿ֵҪӢȹ̲Ȩ
ѧǸշѧ١̩һսʱİ˵Ӣ̲Ȩ
Сǲ֪۸ҲȥӢʵؿ졣ҹ⾯̲
û˸ôţXġ⾯̲Ȼƾжѡģû
ĸűǩֻǡμɡǰѵʱȷ
μɡġڡۡǷͥԭ򣬰ЩΪ
ܡۡȷнС顱첻۵ľԣ

ǷŹˡֻ͸¶һʵѶԷ
ôסͶ˽ôںˣºȴȥˡҪ֪
û˵ͻʧȥŹ֤ݺݣƾԼ˵Ϊ
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ȻȥҸҶ϶ϷĩļһǸŮˣΪֻŮû
Ż˵ȱ볣ʶЦ治ۣХ뻹
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ĩҽд֤߳𣿺ö񶾵ıʰС顱ȫ
ԴšĸһǧطƬǸѾкܶƬġǳ
ĲȥûǼĵϷĩȥġ
ǰǾǱЩаһһ׬Уڱ
ŭͷԺʧȥԵжϣЩҪıҵóˡ

⣬ҥԵ˹ûϺǾͿġǼǡ
һɣϺһļֵǷ¶Ƿ񡰺㡱
Ϻʱһ£ִȻбҪ֫Ӵ⼸꿴
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ˣҾԲ˾Ƿκηҿϲ
ԴܵԹҺͷɣҲϰû˱ˡ

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ʺϲŵڷͥϣݱ绤ʦ󣬵ŷ١١ʦ
͵ýȲš˾ԸţҾͳ˶Ǯûʲô
ŵˡһһ⣬Щ¼¼װȫط춼
ûǮװȷʵƶľнˮòϣҪǹⶫ
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Ǿε˵йȿȥʱɣһ
ȥꡰʮߡڼ䣬һǽȫᡱڼ䣬ֻҪһй飬
ͲΪʲô˰ɡΪһŷáӻǡڱ˵
롰񳲡ҲԶΪ˱֤ʮߡ͡ᡱİȫ涨Ϻ
ȥȶûأԸŷùҲСͣ
ϢʡָģÿһͨæʣµȫǡӻҪ
ܸߣҲȷҪϺȻҪȥġҪ
ĸִҪ󿪳¾죬˵15ǧˣ

ѵͬ˾ϵĹ۵㣬ԼҲظ
һΪʹҵܻ˵ûϷ꣬
ƶԹѾǸԴ׵ˣ˵ʲôû
ڷֻͥҪһɤӡԩ֤ҾܼˣϾ
˰϶ṫýڳءҵȴɡͥ󲻻ȫ
ֱС˰Ժ󣬾ûֱˣӰǾԲܲ
еģҲ罨״ķֱͥƵðеȥ

5ڸ֡رܡĺ

лʦѵͲǸݷڱ绤ûһɡ涨
رܡΪբբ֣ķɹʾӦûرܣ
ʦѵͲжϺΪƫ

ϺйҪر𣿲Ҫ˵ϺйֲǱر壬ҿ
ʹй참Ҳ˻˵ٹ໤ġ

һ򲽽Ϻİѵļˣѿ϶
һһ׬˰ɣǻţٰǸ˵ľͶ
Ҳˡ¾Ǹͨ죬ڴİӡڡڣ
Ϻָոջ˾ֳ϶Ҳ׷ͷϡ˵߼
ҲҪðηյĶ

6ڱΣ

˼Ϊսвÿ˵㲻Ҹ˵Ҿ͸
˵ݡϷĩ˵ɱ˺ĻΪʲô仰ƫƫͱ
ǡ˵ˣһ͵Ŀǵڱֽϣúܶ˰
ӢۺʹϷĩǹƻĵȷɹˡôѸ
˵仰ƺеĻǡȻңҾ
ɱ㣡̫аˣаûڲ֪ԣΪħ
ֻӦôӱ˵óΪûһҪ˵
һǧƽġ911ʽ˵뷭ʱġϷĩ
ǷҲ仰ĸΪ׼һƳģѵ
ڸ뾯Ĺϵ𣿿Ĺը¼ѵ
ɣдʱϺַһŵİһΪ
ɱһŮ˺ͯѷʣôˣɱ˶
ɱЩɱѵûпǱȾԵ𣿸˼Ϊ
ĵ᲻гԭʼ䶼硣̾봨л䰮
ԹԾˡǲһֱֵѵ
ǽĮӵġȨì˰ɣϷϵαǣ
ǻΪǮɣǲǹġֵ

ṫԼɥʧҡһ´ѰϷϵ
ıھѡʵвĪеĴԣͬʱüɿ
յмǶһ˼һǴ֣
һǿ֣˾һƭ֡ЩϷǱֽϵǵȫֱ
էһȷˡ˾һҪɶ飬úá
Ե鱨ûУǲûУһҪѰЩ
ȥôҶϰԵ淴ˣֻҪǹٷɣֻҪǾ
ͺޡȥὫԽԽûйԼһңֽ
ùǰԼ

Ҫ˵ǣҲܶ࣬ϵӣ
ĳ˺ܶసĶڲֱֽյ£Լ
˵ƶԶİʵŤû
ӵԭ򡣲ô˵˼ǱҪģҪԶäĿɿ顣

ԸߴҵǣҲǡNOдôһǮҲûУҲǾ죬
ҵȷڰﾯ˵ںܶƺѾһΪû
ԵؽҾվҾϺҲߣбЩ
ӬǸɿʵҵȻҵĹ۵㣬ֻҪǽ
Ҷӭӹƿ쿪ͥˣҥԵֽվǰסĻģ
Űɡ

(XYS20080728)

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ѧΪ˱أ

﷽ ÷ɭѧѧԺ

ͬһѧ

ȥ꣬ϺͨѧߵȽоˡ2007ѧѧ
ۿƼѧ÷ɭѧGeorge Mason Universityλ203-304
֮䡣Ҳ˵ѧУۺʵ£ڵݶӡ
һλĹ۲ѧѧУʹ£ͻܵѧ
졣ƼѧѧڿһԲ÷ɭѧѧԻ
ᡣƼѧʦϰīسɹ棬ǵоԾ֮⣻
÷ɭѧʦϲ죬յ뷨ﾭܵƼѧ
ĽƽܴԼİ칫Ǻٺͬϵʦ̸
ϵˣ÷ɭѧĽ߶ƵǲͱԺѧ߳ͷ
ҲʱԺϵںġ

ѧߣϻ뵽峣ƽͶѧ⼸λ
÷֮ܵý׷ʵλֻԶԶ
ܴѧ˵ɣ⼸λ֪ʶӡΪ
۱÷ţܵڵýϹĶġ۵Ĵѧɣȴ
ڴ½ҵڡۿƼѧѧ飬ԸУ
ѧյӡֻáعأǿ⡱˸ʵϣ
ѧѧ磬Ƽѧֻͻˡ

һڻѧ磬ܽǴҶϤ
ۿƴڡ硱social networkоγ̡߽
һרҳƺţᣬ죬ҲܾʡȻ߽
ǲνġ͡ѧߣԼŻӲѧƣһֱʹ
ѧĴͳоȫӢѧ淶Ƴѧ
normal scienceĵ䷶֮ȴٸ˶Ŀһ֮Сߺת
÷ɭѧͶ˽⵽оϵĶַԼѧ
complex theoryݻѧһѧɹһʱ۽󿪡

Եشҵ

Ϊ۵ķ㣬ǲۿƼѧ÷ɭѧΪƴ
͡÷󡱡ȻѧУڹѧĵλѷֲ٣ǾͲʦ
Դѧͬƴѧ÷󣬺ܿܵõ¼ȡ
÷ĽıְڿƴҲܿܵõƸáߵʱֻܴ
Եϵõ˵

ѧ߸Richard FloridaƹһӢѧͼ
ͼúɫ״ȫһǧѧҵĹֲһӵеĽ
ѧԽ࣬״Խܼͼϣ˲ųɶѵŷ޿ȥɽ
һƱˣձҲӵмеȹģġɽµ۽һ
΢⡣Ȼ۴ӢѧıԵشֱԵݲûʹ
ࡣѧᣬҪĹȴӢģѧҲ
ȫհӢԺƶϵ˫طЧ۸ֳ߽̻ʱ𽥳
Ϊѧĸӹӹһʲޱ壩֤оѶӢ
硣״ۻع½޶ٸĹۡƴλ
ҽõְtenureίԱֻ쿴Ӣ
ڿϷģѧۼͬǵ״̬ʱ
һơдģ

÷ҲзĵѹǱϾʹĸдѧ
ĵشЩ뷨ĽͣγһֽΪѧ
Ļ̫ǲǳԼһӵѧԣ̽
Ϊ̽ĿռҲͿࡣʶ÷Ĳٽڣһ
ԼѧȤŨһоչҲ֪꣬ʱ㽻
о۽Ϻٿڵ̫ᵼʦһң
ΪȤﻹҪоһߵͷһ˵
ﶮѧߵĿԡ̿ĵȴһѧ
ؾصظ꼼ݣǷݳںоͷ
ĥˡӢѧıѧ߲ûֺƾԾѧ
ɡѹֻʽһ

ѧѧĿɽʦĬ٣Robert Mortonжָʱ
̶ܴϾһѧɼѧ۵ɺѶ
ıеΧоҵڽٵĳвֺͳڵ
ֳͳΣ࣬ϸһȻ֤˹ά
ȶһҲǿ˵ȼԶ˼ʹϵй˱ͳϮ
˸ȨƵĴͳӢ˵ĹθǱ䱾һͬ˳
Ը˵֡˺ӡԸҲ͸ѧ磬ڱѧ
СڿǸǡܼѧ۵Ĵѧƽȵۿ
γɣ˲۵ľͷˣۻᣨseminarƵʺ
ģҲѷĴѧ

ΪĻӵĳУ۲Ԫԣȴȱһ϶Ļ
ڿƴ󼴷֣۱ؽڣ½ں⼮㶦
ţֻԼСȦ໥֮λڸң
۴˶꣬Ȼп˵ĸоѧ֮˸Ĥôܴٽѧ
˶գѧԽĴѧ÷ڵĻʢٵ
ֻ꣬Сڶ硱֮Сʦ԰Ϊȴܹ
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ҵֵ˧Ӱѧĵءڡ۵һУ
ƽǿһᡣ۵ִӢһ
߲κ۹¼ǲоչͳڹ滮
ΪǰĳɹЩ޹ءʵˣҵϢ
ĸڴѧķϣ۸
оѵĳѧµĺûձŷ壬Ȳ
ѧоҲ䳤ԶֵҵĻ³ɳѧ
ѧѹָԣԼǶ뻮һİģʽУ԰ٰ
װģʽɫ޶£ϾְԤưࡣ
ĵĻУĸ˻ȵͶ뵽ʵһ

µѾ

ȥ죬˵ʫ˱Ĵѧνְ¸п
һĻˡ

ĻˡָĴ½֪ʶӣоĻʷ־
׫ר۹һȺ塣Ϊ˸̵۵ıѧ缰Ļ
ܣбҪ׷ݵ۵һλĻˡ躡Ϊ֮
ѧߣΪȺþ۶ʮ֮áӸڼ䣬
Ӣ´¡й䡷ķ빤ġѭձ
۳ɾҵȴ˲ӡԹ
ӣȳʪг֮ν׷⡱۵
ĻǡزΣ˲׶֮ͽ
գ⡰ީڡУ֮⣬նࡱżҲ
һͣĹ˽Ժֻڼįң½ˡ

۾йĻȦĻȦԣȱѧԵ۶ڱԵ
شΪĻṩȴܺ϶Ϊһһ塣Ϊ
ִʷҪֳغϴţΪй֪ʶṩ˹µ
ıʽѶվȻֻǵľվ
԰Ժڶ½ѧĳ̶ֳظˡʱ
ƾ㽭ܵĻĳȴԭ̬ܲĻ
ıԵλ߶ѧҲԹ롰ĻˡӡϵеУ
ֻҵĲοϵѾйתᡣĸ￪ʮ꣬й
ϤִۣǶеִԷ˼ر塣

֮˲Ժɣı仯ΪִĹʶ֮һ
ҪѧҲǰé뱱廪¡Ըʽѧ籧
΢ʣȫ̷ֱģʽļֵڵһѧ֮
ȽϡһģָڵشѧܸۣѾܲˡҪٲ
һ䡪ۻǲġڻһλϣ廪ѧ
ѧԺѦڡ˵ڵشѧۻƣǿӢ
ڿķڿһȻйѧ
ʱ׼룬ҲѧԡΪչеĴй
ҪѾ͵ʽҲҪԾʽ֮̽ȡϣ
úУйѧӦԸߵıΪϳ߶ȡ

ڽ൱ʱڣȻΪйִҵá
־Զ߿ɽԽ̫ƽڱ½Ѱµѧ֡

߲ͣhttp://blog.sina.com.cn/tianfm

(XYS20080728)

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йԤ

ߣAmsel

봨֮󣬸֡Ԥܵ˿ѧߵȫ
˿վ˴գ봨¼רЩαѧΥڻȻ
ѧ֪ʶ߼ͳƷĻ֪ʶֻҪ㹻ĿѵܹơΪ
ʲôҪҴЩԤڿѧϵ澫񣬻ڿѧ
ߵθСɽ봨δĲ̶ܴҪڡӵ
Ԥӿ𡱵Ͷʲô©
Ԥĳڷģֹƶ˷ǳӵá
ԤߵԤ׼ȷ̶ȡȫ׼ȷҴЩš
¡йɫ˼άŵİϷʹʶԤ
ѶȡƳäĿԤ˼룬ڼලʵǵ
ԴԤԤලڵԤԤĿвȡѧ̬ȡ
Ϊ˱ȫϵͳʶ֡ԤĻʹ󣬱˲ð
ķʽ伯нܽᡣ

ЩԤζŷһеǰסһеԤ
෴ֺ֪ʶʱռǰ
жϡȷ֪ʶЩӦƽʱڽУ
ЩʱʱĵԤ֮мֵǰײᱻ̭˵1971
ȫٿڼ䣬ľԤⷽǲ𡢵α䡢
бӦشšαʡص硢ˮע1ʱʮ
֮󣬹㶫ʡ־ֳƽڻشԤݵʱ
Ȼǲ𡢵ص硢شšα䡢ٶȺС͵
۲⣨ע 2ʱӵġ򡱺͡塱
չˡϵ͡෨ֵ֧ġشšչˡű
͡ƫǷ쳣ŴɲľԱҷչˡԶ
붯쳣ЩΪĿġԤ˸̾ǣ
ĵûäĿġԡйĵԤ
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ĶԸ֡Ԥԭǣȿ޹س̶ȡ
磬ɹȷơǵ֮κȻһ
֮ңзȻӡԤҪء׼ȷ̶ûл壬
͵ܾϵĩԤ
޹س̶ѷֻôӡ䶯̶ȡԿǣˣ봨
ԽԤҲԽǰ

ΪԤľ¡ȫ¼
˿վ˴գ봨¼ר䡰һѡ÷
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һɹȷ

ʼˡĲ(19121994)йѧԺԺʿйʯͿ̽
ѧоԺܹʦйѧᡰԤרҵίԱᡱҿй
ѧ֯Ρ

ԤҪ㡿ĳһĳһŴη¼ķʱ̽мӼӼ
ϣԤ⡱´ͬ¼ʱ䡣

Ԥѧʯ͹ҵ档δרҵ

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1йֺйʯ֪ʿ͸¶Ĳ1992Ԥ
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ʼˡʯ̽ʦ19661973ţ
Ա

ԤҪ㡿ɴδűڽмӼϣԤ⡱´ε
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űԤɽ7.8𡱣ѧ
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ʼˡйԱйЭᡰԤר
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ԤҪ㡿øԤ

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2й֡ϯԤԱʿ봨ơѹ
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ӦɺȻΪ㶫ʡֵĸԤָꡣ

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෨෨һ߷λ÷
ȣơ

ʼˡꡣйѧоԺԱй
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ԤҪ㡿̫ǡ̫ϵλõԤ


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Զ붯쳣

ʼˡ֮ҵѧԱҵѧо
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ԤҪ㡿ö쳣Ԥٹǧⷢĵ
֮ڹ۲ɸѡÿֻƤԾ쳣ʱһ
ں19 ڷ𡱣ڱĻƤԾ쳣Էӳ
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ԤҪ㡿ߵ豸յĸԤԶ
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ʼˡꡣΪاϺеԱй
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ʼˡĹ⣨18891971ִΪй
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ӦֵĵӦ̨վԤٹĵ

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ھңз

ʼˡ꣨ݳ1980оڴΪǿ
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ǿȣȺ쳣ǰסѧͨ
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ԤҪ㡿ңͼ쳣Ԥġơ
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Ͱ

봨֮ý屨ǰֺ쳣쳣ڡ

ӦδӦá

¡ˡҺպ(NASA)ڵԤȡͻ
𣿡

===========================================

ΪȷԤܹȫܽᡰԤʦǵĳɹ
زοˡѧ硱2002ġشȻֺԤ;·
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ѧ죬ųƶӦġǻ顱͵¹ġɭѧ顱
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ǰԡǰհԺͽԡۺԡ壬ԵоеαѧƲ
ſƼ֧֣ʵڿ͡Ľ
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3Ĺ䣬ܶڽܵ߻㱨ʱ
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ûйϵضҪǡȵȡ˶
ڵԤŴŪ١ɻġָܶʾʵ
˻ɡǼȻĵײų壬ֻΪ
ʵ

4šشȻֺԤ;·ŵɽ
ѧ2000114վУΪμߡ봨519գ
Ƽо˾ġ봨شɽѧ顱û
μӡָ˵Ƽ˲μӡǣ֯˼Ա
˲μӡеɡأ֪ιʣѵҵʲôģҲ
ΪƼԴαѧһͬʶеź

(XYS20080728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

ȿ֡ж

2008-7-28Ƽ

գһΪǧҪȿɿڿ֣жӳ
硣Ѹٱվ׷תأӵĵҲܿѷ׷׸
ԡУƣȿɿڿʹõĴǰ˹𣬻
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78գɿڿ֣йʽڹ˾վϷӦơϹ
ڶ԰˹ȫԵɺ޸ݡζѾ200Ȩѧ
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ɿڿֻǿ˹ȫʹѾ20ꣻûʾ
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˹Ǵǵһ֣Ϊǵ150-200ȴ
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ŶԲ˺ڷʧ״ǹҵƾԭ֮
һڿԴлɼȩͼкʡȺ
ԱǻøȱݻãᵼϰΪͪ
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ҷ˵ɿڿֹ˾ĵ֣϶
а˹ð˹ǣһʼ飬Ҳû

һЩʵð˹ܹӰѪܰͰķʡ
FDAʳƷҩƷ֣ΪЩʵơ͸涼
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1983꣬FDA׼˹̼ϣ1993׼ϡ
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Ǵ밢˹ûбҪġһƿ޵ִ
Լ180˰˹𣬶һ50˵Ҫһ14ƿŻﵽFDA
˵

Ϊ˹ĵģҪȱصĿѧ֪ʶԭ
ϿʳƷеİ˹ΣĿԺС˹ֽ
ıᡢŶǹɵʵİᣬ⡢ʳƷﶼУ
京ҪȰ˹ߵöֻ࣬ҪǱ֢ͪߣ뵣ġ

ڼ״ԼɴɵļȩһпܶΣɰ
˹ļ״ȩ٣Ȳˮĺ
лҲ״ȩ΢ļ״ȩȫԶԸ

˹һֺܰȫĴǣʳʱʹѪŨӡ й
ũҵѧʳƷѧԺӪʳƷȫϵںμƹ˵ǰЩ꣬ΪǷ̫࣬
ڿֵֵƵƵڱˡð˹ǣûʲô
ף˵ɿڿڻĽ

μƹͬʱʾԿ̼ʣˮΪ
ȫĽƷ  ӨӨ

(XYS20080728)

˿(www.xys.org)(xys2.dxiong.com)(www.xysforum.org)(xys-reader.org)

ѧİȨԽ

ߣ̫

ҵСġЦĻһۣҲ٣
һԽС

֪һɵԽʵжֱֵжϵҵѧ
ϵͬࡣ

ڽͽҽϵĴͳĻͽѧͽһλ
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һֵ¶һ㣬ѱѧҶԻûĻѬͷԵ
׶о֤ʵ¸ᶯ롪ŷ٤Ƕ԰Լʥ
ͽԵĸβ;ƨɣǵڷáǵɵ
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ѧҶ¸еоѾ˺ܻԭĲ棬ʼܵ
ʵ飬ɨ¼ǵĴˡ1999꣬ϦǴѧϵĿѧҾ
ͨʵ飬֤ʵһ˵ŭcontempt, anger, 
disgust, ϼCADֵзֱӦԼ塢ʥcommunity, 
autonomy, divinityҲϼCADֵĴ

Ҳ١ǶֵķӦأҳЦͳĻԴ
ԴĻΪٵҵĿļĶõķӦӦǡ
ͬʱʥĶͶ֮ңӦñ֮ԡ
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Ҳ١һֵ¸С

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ڿѧԽеĳꤻǰ˵͵ӽһ
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Ϊѧµġԣͱˣ˴
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֮һһѵúͿ˵ĹȣŹ֡

ѧϰףȨشͳࡢ֡Ļ
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ѧҪһΨҶԽСսɣ 

(XYS20080728)

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ף

ߣbluesea

ҶԺܶ˵ǶȻūԵģյķ
ҵģǺ쵳ļʲôġ˼ǣһ̳ұ
󽫣˵ÿ9¾ͻһСӻŶ޵Ȱȥ
blueseaΪ׵ķǣɸϴԣֱǳ˷ࡣ
˵չ˷Ҫ㵹ͷͷ֯һ
ľٱȥ

ʵ̫ˣ̧̫ˡ˵ʵȻҼԼۣ
Ҳ˶ȥۣıҸıʵڲࡣҲǵúͶ۹
Լеġкܶ˴ԼҲ任ֻҲûбҪ֪
ΪáļıģܹҲ2

һǼ˰ģȻҲǼ䷴Եģʲô
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ʱڻʱλͻȻ֮ðһ̸ʲôй
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˵ʵǶĻкܴʧһֱɵˣ
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ҺߵԭǣҵԣֱͬɳĮ
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ѧԶһңһ壬ȫ˵ǺҪģ
Ϊκ˼ĻѧоѧԣȻѧ޷Ա
ֿ͹ۣڿѧоУԿѧ˺Զ׼
ġƶҲ޷Կ͹жϣȻ䵽
һֱߣѧѧѧκѧԵģͻ
ʹ۱Կ͹жϱ׼Σ֮·

֮һֿѧԵ˲ϳ֮ΪߣΪ
ǳ˼ֿ͹ǷûжļȶȷΣڽ˼
ߣͬһ˾Ϳվ¶ء³Ѹ
ȫᳫǡйܿɹǻۡ
ʲô ǡȴû˵סΪǾǷ
ܿѧԣҼֿѧԹۡ

ĴͳһԣѧԳ̶֮٣ҪôҲҲǵ
ȻߣҪôɱ˼ɱȨȷȷ
񡣶Կ͹˽ȤԶԶˡԿ͹ȷԵļָҪ
ãǿԴĴ󡣶ν˼йζ
ͣ˽ʿĸҩ죬ҲΪǵĻԣѧ
ԵԵʡ

ҩףԣѧȴѣڹУҪѧ
кܶйƬƶɳĮҪƹѧԸѣӺһЩ
ԼֲиᳫѧԣжܿɹͿԿóʼ
ţֻҪֿѧԹۣǧƶɳĮҲɷֵ
Ҳһֱһ仰ԭ仰ҷᵽѡȷģ
ѡ׵ġ

(XYS20080728)

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ͬͬ

ߣľ

ӡαʵҲǷࡷЩ̬ͬɱ֣ͼ
legitimateıɱΪαߣ
ģЩ911ʱֲͬߣΪֲΪķ࣬ûбʵ
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ɱֱȶ컹䡷̬ͬɱ֣ͼ
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ͬűͬΪɱֶˣ˵ıԾģ
ͬζϣҶΪɱ֡Ҳ˭ϣһȱͬ
ĵĶ硣

˵úе֮ԡϷʡѰɥĲ񡱣ҲΪ
ΪСΪһֳǿҡͬ͡
 ͬ顱ԼѾ͵úˣǡͬɱֻǶԾ
Ҳ䡰ͬ顱Ĳصڡ֡ڡɱͬһʻڲͬ
ﾳһЩϹһϷ˼еġͬ顱ص
ڡɱڡ֡Ȼǡ֡硰ֻ
ڷɲܴ²ֵͬ顱֮ͬ顱һ
̫˵⺢ʵҲͦģ·Ȼ
˾˵̫ǡαߡĳЩߡͬ顱֮
ʱǶͬġ塱δؾ·ġ

˵д£ʱʱػõͬ顱ʻ㣬ҲһЩ
жϡ˵ĳĳֵͬ顱ơҪÿһͬ顱ҪΪ
ĻǾͺ鷳ˣʵҲˡ˵ĳ
̰١ĳԷֵ߲ͬ飬˵ǡá
˵ĳĳľͲֵٸ̫ǡӣ
˵֡϶Ϊ䱾˵ϼͷӦϽ


ϷʵҲͦ򵥵ġ

Ӱ˿Ӧͬеɱߣϣյɾʯ
ԭϵֽܿ˶ҪͬģΪǡв
ֵͬ𣿷ࡢαͬĵȻʲô
ɱ˶ΪɱĲˡй죬ǲŲʾͬء

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ĿԺʿȷʵԹʵ

ߣβͲ

ĿԺʿùشרҵˮƽȻû⡣ҲǴ
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ŴϾ̫ңԶԹŴϤӦŴˡͲ쳯
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ۺܸߣΪǼشٽҹѧչġĿԺʿԼĹҲ
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ʡ̸ѧı׼⣬Ƕȳⷽ㲻
ϺѧѧķչĴٽȸ۵ӰԶˡ

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1ݼ⼸⡪̸̸Զž廪ѧ硢
ϴѧ磬2000.5P179180
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http://www.mmrc.iss.ac.cn/wtwu/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E6%95%B0%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E4%BD%BF%E5%91%BD.htm

(XYS20080728)

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ϾƾѧѧԺԺʿشϮ֮һ
ۡϮʵ91800

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˵ĵġǰհо۵ġ

ǧֵġ֣ۡ91800ֳϮ


(XYS20080728)

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ѧУ粨



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ҽ5νҽչʾȻԭ

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1ʼնεľȥ̽֡ŴйȴƳ
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Ϣinformation, news, message, ǺܹϵĴʻ㡣Ϣ룬
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úҩأҩ鲻֤Ϊϵ£
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ˣ˵ֹʲôʲôԷֹ

ǰͺȹ޽ˮÿడһҪҩף
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Դhttp://baike.baidu.com/view/64304.htm

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йطкܶೣʶҽйأ̶ȥ𣬽
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BillDC

û¸ɣΪȵڼ￴ӣûкÿĽĿͰ
е̨һ顣ֹ滹ȤҲڹ̿ھ
Ūġ

Ӱ̣

һĳֻ档

Ҳ˵ֻĻܿŵޱǿֻеӰŹ
ƬθҿϻʵӦá

ֻĻеĵӰǺõԼȥģרҵ֪ʶ
ֻҪ΢ϸľֻܿܶĹ涼Уϻ
ˡ

ĳƽεĹ档

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һ֤ǵʵ飬Ժҳףԭ


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Ҳ̸ˮ

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˿۹⣬ɽ˵ĴӦѾ,ٶ˵ˡ

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˵һ䣺˿Щ۸ƺ󶮸ۡѰ
۾Ͳ˵ˡ¿ķ굶ĴҲʤö٣罫ʽһ
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ʲܽ͵⡷(XYS20080725)Ŀףв֮ӣе
̹ĿƵĶῴġ¿ķ굶(XYS20080727)ܽ
ػظ˵ԣһС⣬30ĸʱϵ
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Ҳвƽ͵ģϿʦһ˿ϷԼ
ۣȻ۵ȷй֮ͳסˡʵ£
ʹ㲻˵Ҳʾƽʿɶֹ
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ǶѰ

Ѱ

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Ҳ˷̫ʱɽʱϵļ
㲻̰ա

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ֱҲԵ꣬Ҫ˸һ죬ֲȥ׷Ρ
۵꣬ǽˮû꣬ˮĵطҲὦһˮӾ
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ϣꡣ-- ٶȴֱ...̧ܡĶ

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ĸʾһ1%ҲΪ30%ҲΪ100%˼˵¼
ʱӳԾԽԽ󡣡캣ңҰèʱй30
ĸ1%ᷨԭĳֱ󣬲Ӱۣл
лָڲо

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Ȼֳ⡣û¶˵Ļ´
⡣֤꣬˻ʣȻһ磬ͻһ꣬Ȼ
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ĸ0.9Ӷ24СʱҲһ첻ĸΪ0.924ηԼ
0.08һ콵ĸΪ0.920.4ڡԤ⡱УҲ
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7. ¿ķ굶רҵԡҰèľȷģ
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󣬶߲ìܣ˵ϡ¿ķ굶Լ˵ۿͷ
۸һƴ30%ĸо0.1ĻʣƽÿСʱ
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38%׼ȷʣ80%׼ȷģģҾͲһˡ

8. ˵һ£ûɽᵽԭģҲûбҪֻǾ
ڴ볣ʶ˼һ¡

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