                         ˿µϣ20080112գ

08.01.12, ʿա⵼ʦ
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⵼ʦ

ʿ

ʱС֪ʶӹĹ㷺ע֪
ʶ⣬ȴܴδǵߡܽɱҲʱ
ţұʿҲѧɱĹעҲʼֻý
Ļš

ѧѾԽԽرáпԺоԺѾѧ
оԣ¼ȡУҲԽԽĵλΪ
Ե֮һ൥λΪоṩѯÿͬ¡
ѧʱ˳˵ǷҲӦò⵼ʦɽ
ѧ΢ϵһоʦֱԴѧ⣬Ѿ˺ܴ죬Ҳʹ
ò⵼ʦѾ˱еĵز

Ŀǰ϶оʦѡעΨһ׼ѧˮƽⲢû
ΪѧˮƽǱȽͨ͹ָ۵ģ緢ĵ
ͬ۵ȵȡڹܻΪµʦṩһЩγΪʦѣmentor
ϡ̶ȵۣȴԶѧˮƽҪѣÿĶ
û˸Լ100

Ҳ˻ʣĵʦָܲо
ֶͨƿܲȡΪζһܾͻ
һ⡣Ȼֱִ˵ĳ̶ȣҾȡо
ʦʸȻѧԣոտʼоģһǳ
ӵĻܵ˿ƽʱӰ쵽һķչ
ǲ̫ˣԣԸԵоҪһ
ԶҪĵʦԡ

ȻܿƵʦԵʦԲȫûġΪ
ֵʦбȽص⣬쵼Ӧýȥѯ
ǲԸ⿴ЩѧɱһҲԸ⿴нɱͬ
ʱ˽Щڵʦѧ֮䷢ìʱоžܸ
ƶһЩ

ձԼܵ˺Ӧһ˵ıܣ
ӦѧСһʵ֮ǰƽ
õ1/101/6Ͷĳʵ֮ǰѵӦȥϸµ
˽һʵҸεΪѵ㲻ӦȥʵҸ꼶ʦ
֡ʦؽһǵĸ

оϺѧоԺڹ
оѾʵоתƶȡŸĸУоҲ
ƹתƶȡλоʱȴе󲿷ֵѧ
ûгȨȷһʵתʽЩ
ĺ˼ûʵתĸߵԺУкܶоǶôʵ
תƶȣֻʧȥʱɵڻûʵ
תĵطоӦŬȡȨѾʵתĵλѧ
ӦϧȨΪںֶܶ޷ʱýͶƱ
ǽЧķʽ

(XYS20080112)

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ҽ뱣ϵл̹ٷ֧칦оһܣ

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ʮʮĩʮĴֵֶͯΪ
һ칦ȡ廪ѧʵ顮֤·
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ܵоõ˺ܶٷŵ֧֣й·ʱ

ǻعһʱڣԷֱиԭһǹҸո߳ң
ϲ㣬ƻأһˡȨǷ켫
ĺ꣬źʼ츣ƵĶصײ
ʷһƹܵĻʱ

죬һ𾪵˲ò½˰̣ҽȫ
񽡿ϵƣ

» ϵҽѧϵͳ֮һҽƵɺ
֮ʣйʽ뱣ȫ񽡿ҽƷϵ֮УҪǣ
ǵҽġС顱ɫӵͬҪĵλ

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ݺͲ㡱ɼĴ߻Щ顣δĹ񻰡ǧϴ
ĿԳĻӦǡȡҽǽֲ䲻㡯
ԡͿԷ֣Щҽ˰̲֢ڵĸּ
ͻƲϣĳЩΪѡδ似ĵΪҽ
ϵ㣿ǡǡ¶ҽεĹԸҽ
ͻơݣҩٵȵɵԻӦ֧
źȻȨƻѡһ֤Чǿƽ

ʷΪʼ70ĩ񹦷糱չ90һЩ
ҡӦѵʶǳ¼ĸԴʵûһ
лΰŲÿѧзµǣҽ
ҵȴлǧ

йʽ"ҽ"ȫ񽡿ϵ

20080111»


http://news.xinhuanet.com/newscenter/2008-01/11/content_7407567.htm

йʽҽȫ񽡿ϵӦɺ

»Ϻ£յ( )ϵҽѧϵͳ֮һ
ҽƵɺ֮ʣйʽ뱣ȫ񽡿ҽƷ
ϵ֮УҪǣǵҽġС顱ɫӵͬҪ
ĵλ

йϺ㽭ȵʽˡδ̡
ȫһҽɫԤϵ

δڡƵھںǧϴѷչΪԤ
Ѿͨƴʹػӡ
Ѿͷֹ

ڡδУҽķɲΪչΪˡǽ˺ͽ
ˣΧҽΪչҽơԤȸ

йŵĹԱ˵йڽеȫ񽡿ϵ׷
ĸ߲ΡˮƽҽҩΪɻȱҽƼ֧ţ
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ҽҩ־ֳǿʾйʮߴȫ񽡿ˮƽս
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Ͽѧˡսٵı

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κεĸٿ϶б档Ͼѧ캭ڸװ·
8ƪSCIģϵܼ򵥣׾Ϊ˰ӳװ
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ڵأΪһѧõıٴҲ
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ϵ߿ǵĵʦڡϸһ
̽ڡ񽱺棨ͨٶ    Ͽ

1. 2003ȫдѧսƼָʦ
2. ʦ2004ʦȽˣ2003
12ϼ
http://graduate.nankai.edu.cn/admissions/professor.asp?un=chengpeng
3. 2005񱦸ʦصȽȫ10񽱽ʦ    
http://www2.edu.baosteel.com/content/1/1A0406/1A040615903/1A04061590
3.htm
4. 2006Ҽѧʦһڸʦ
http://news.enorth.com.cn/system/2006/08/27/001394832.shtml

ĽͲˣҲҲܲȫϿѧԺԺ
ѧרҵѧָίԱίԱйѧữѧѧίԱίԱ
ѧѧίȣ2ϣ

ЩϢѿ̽ڳɹָ֮Ժ
ѧ񽱣뿴3ϣҲ789죬صȽһһȽ
̫ˣѵָѧȫţǣϸϿٰ
10սĻ֣ϿΪٰδȴû
̽ڵѧ񽱣ΪϿѧսûг̽ڵ
֣Һʵ
http://www.lddc2003.com/html/gaoxiaoshetuan/taozhanbei/dasaidongtai/
20071208/1033.htmlˣǰؾٰĴѧ
󽱣ΨϿٰĴȴûκѧ񽱡ΪϿ
쵼϶ʮӵģʮڴóɼģϿĲҲжƵģ
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ֽһǳ̽ѾͣҪװµѧ,Ը
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ϲǿڻ֮󣬳̽ڿ˵һ·˳
ֽԴ̫ЧӦǰһ񽱻ΪߵĻṩһ
ΪȫġѧʦˣһΪҡʦĽݾ
ʦҲҪˣɴ˲ѿսٵʵ
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ۣ̽ڻøཱɻڴǻԵõ
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ע⣬ڲ룬ºҲסѱ˵ĶҲ
֪Ҳ޷֤ίҲԼȥʵϣҪ
װˮƽΪʲô̽ڵѧֻػ񽱣ڱؾͲ˵
ԭڵ̫¶ǣϿ̫ý
˺ϸʱϣĦ˹ϿսҲ
ע⵽ڲеɵ㡣ֻܹԼˡ

⣬ٻսһ淽ܾϿѧˣϵ
ͿԿϿΪսصȽ˶
̨ˣǴͷˣϿ쵼ҲйˣѧУıˮ
ƽҲȥˡӮҪٵϸڣ϶
ѶȺܴ񡰻ϻƬһǣ෽棬Ͽ֪
˿ҲͶԸ˵滰ˡ˵ˣ
ϿϿĵϿ쵼Ҳˣ
϶ҲҵĹԱһǴ췽ҲԸҳţ
Ħ˹һĵܴѶȣǻѧר޷
ѧǾ͸ˣҲΪγٳٲԭɡ
뵽սˣԺоٰ

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ϡƼ˲Žˮƽ

ɽϴ

˿ѧáƼ˲Žӡ
˺棬˲һͬ񽱵ʦѧѧѧԺԺĸ
Fu wenfuĿгɾͣ˴۾

ĽβSciFinderĸԺĿ¼һAngew.Chem., 
Chem.Eur.J, Inorg. Chem., мƪϸһȴ
Ըߵε¶ǸԺ֧־ڵȴĹԼ˺
ĲͨѶַû۸Ժķݡ֪ԺɲԽΪԼû
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⣬Ժ֮ôôרעActa. Cry.Sec.E
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Ҿüˣ׳پͿԼһߡ

˵ǲѧˮƽ൱ŷնѧˮƽĸ
listø˺ܺõ֤⣬ڹڲ˵λƸʱ211
УҵȡҲǹڲʿˮƽ½һдա

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пԺϺлĳоԱĹ

λͬ£

Һã

Ϻл£1̨ѧݽ½Ңл
нƸ룻2˶ʿתǿPK20%314оԱ˵
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˵½ڵĴǳ֮ߣס50ÿо100
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ıͼлصԭǸݷݷѧол
ӦԼСڳĬбڳĬ

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23귢ǧƪĵţˣ

Niuren

רhttp://yangfan.vip.bokee.com/ҽܣ

,йѧڡ1951ڱ1984ҵڼִѧ
羭˶ʿѧλ򿪷о1994Ժ
оҡ1995ԺоԺְʿ1999񾭼ѧ
ʿѧλѷǧƪ151000֡йͳ
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ע⣺1984˶ʿҵ2007ꡰѷǧƪ23
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ֻǲףѧѵԼô

龭ѧѧߺͲʿ˶ʿǣһ1000
ƪжϡġǷСҳϮǷڸ
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ţͿѧҽѣ㷺ȡѧҵͽ顣Ҫѧ
ԾѧգΪƼƼ˲ӱõĻ

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ƲӲԱ½

Ѱ

˵ĵ±׼ЩͿѧǵµ죬ͨģ
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ԱѧߡڴѧݴΪϸΣѧ
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ƲӵΪһΪ˴µĵµߣѰԭµѰܺ˵ԭ
£ʹĵǸ޼ֵһ˵жա

ڶ԰Ʋӵ̬ӦάǴ״ֱ̬еıȷܵ
˴˵ǸĳǰҽǸʱΪֹȡÿǷԭ´˵ʸ
пȵԭһģҪ÷½ġ

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ͬпkġ

(XYS20080112)

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ӡͬѧ԰µĿ

tigris

ɽѧԺ˶ʿҵģǡӡϷ÷ƽлƽ
ͬѧڰ³ǰ죬ͻȻĳӡĴǲ
˼ʱ˰죬˭ֻϧգ˵ɶҲ
ˣ,ӡϹȴˣ֣£Ƿͬ
ġ˵дԺҵģʶӡˣ˵ʶ̫졣
һ֪ǽڴѧʩ̣

Ӳ񡣶ڴһֱ˵Ҳ˵õĶ
̫࣬˽ʱҪҽй˵ĵ͵ɣһдеġǣ
ƽڡæ֮Уҿ˿Ĵ֪˿ʱ
ǵءǽѧٵǰأѧ˳˵һط
߿࣬дࡣƽ˶ʿڼҪõļͬѧ֮һҲǰת
ʦĵһˡ֪ɽѧУзɷùҶġɷá
ĳԡӡǡڻġ˿ܲȴú
ȻΪۿƽôĥϵģڵʦǣ
ƺʧʹ޵ġǻǵģǵĶ޹Լʹ£
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ͨİʦҲݣƽ
ǰʦһһ˵Ƭңӡһ˵
ԲˡƬңӡһ˵
ôѵ⣬㽲Ҳ!֮䣬ʵ㡢Ҿ
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ĵʦ͸ðҪң˵͸ôӾ
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ڿԻΪˣзʿ˵ĸǷչĶ
ǸūҪ㱩ѧҪʦʦҪѧʦ
ѧŶԣܹгᡣ˵硣ܾǷԵ
ɡʱҲԾһ仰ʵ,Ҳ

(XYS20080112)

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ѧ

ѧԺ2008

дѧԺҽѧѧԺ

룺ʵ

2 ۵֤

ѧ֧Ϊṩ֤

ָ֤ݶΪѧ˽˹סЩ֤19
ͻǰΪѧ֪ĶĻʯֵĵֲȡ
һЩֱ֤20ͺ21ͲſܵõDNAеıȽϡ

۵֤ݲֹԴѧԴʷϺִѧƵ
˵ѧѧѧѧѧѧԼĿѧ
֧Ϊѧȡѧ͵ѧѾ֤
ͨǽ֡ѧͻѧⶨļΪ
ʷеĹؼ¼ʱǡֵоʾ֮Բ
ʽ֣ΪҲͬԡѧоΪԴṩ
µļ⣬ʹǸõ˽ѧ֮໥ãЩ
ָΪϵܺ͡

ԾĿѧһȻдڻشѧ
ֲߵؼо֮ĽϵӰ̬͹ܵŴ졢
ڵӰ졢ܺΪĽԼʤĿ
⡣ЩоУǾͷڼĽĳЩѰ
ηǡǷĴ𰸡ͨоһ
б仯ĻԼ仯ĺ

ѧڹȥļﲻ͵׫дһעĿĺƪƣ
۾еһ֡ʼ桢̫ϵ͵γɣЩ
ӹԣϵԴȻ
أʣĳ¡¡ǰֱ졣
죬ͨоƽẈ̂ѧⲿƪ
µƪ¡

桢ϵ̫ϵԴṩ˵

еλ20ͱ仯С16ͼ17
޼ʱ̫ǵ򹹳ʱνģ
ʹȻ󲨡1920ɼѷɽ̨һ
Զ֣ЩԽҹĴɢ΢Ĺ㣬ϵ
ơǶͬϵÿһϵʮڼƵͨ
ЩĹߣѧҷһ𾪵ĽۣЩϵ
ͬķɢˣҲ˵͡

۲ʱѧҡ̻ʦΡ÷
˵Դʼڡը˵е
ǱѹһСܼ¶޸ߵ
屻Ϊ㣨singularityѧҶԴ֪١Ȼ濪
ʼ͡͵ĹУȴһֱȴɽʵĻ
ӱȶըķԼԺʱ䣬ʾռ
Ӧþһ¶ȣԵΪص΢Զ֤ʵһԤ⡣
ϵĹ۲һ΢ը˵
Ԥһģһ

ͣеʱ̫ķʽγ
Ϊϵľ޴ṹЩṹ֮ڣСöſ̮һ
ͳơĵʱѹ㹻ĳ̶Ժ
еԭӿʼ˾۱γɺԭӣɼ⼰䣬Ǻ
Դ

ѧһЩǵвγɱƽת̡Բе
ͳܹۼССܹγɳΪСĸĽṹ
ģСܹ۽һγΧƺתǺ
ǺСǣԼ̫ϵžγɵġͨϸĲ
ǻϵַΧƺתĴǡЩ
ǵϵУʮڼƵΧŸĺת

ѧҺ͵ѧ˶ַ桢ϵ̫ϵԼ
ǵĵ䡣ͨϵ֮ľͷٶȣѧܹ
ըڶǰġ澫ȷĲԼ
140ꡣһֹķǲɴըµ΢
䣬ҲƵĽĹ۲ͼǵϵڴը
ԺͿʼγˣˣϵ伸һĹϡ

ǵ̫ϵڸϵγɡʯγ̫ϵĲʣ
ʯеķԪرǵǴԼ4546 ǰγɡ
γԺܵСǺǵĲײʹıڻļ
һײһڻƵĹϾ۽
γɽ򡣴ϴУϵʯⶨΪ4445
ꡣϷֵϵĹʯ壬Լ44ǰγɡ
Ϊ35ϵʯڵϵĸ½з֡

γʮԺ

ϵĻʯ֤ݱʷľʱζĴڡĴ
Ĺѧҷ֣ΪʯĳҲ34ǰϸ
ɵģĻʯѾ֤в35䡣Ļѧ֤
ʾԴܸ磬ڵȴͿʼˡ

ŪοʼǼ˷ܣ־սԵĿѧ⡣Ϊֹ
ֵϵ̬Ļʯ35ꡣͼģγɵǳ
ѣΪǲʮڵϵĻѧص㡣ˣоԱ
Ҹγɲʼļ˵ңʵ
Щ˵Ȼûһ˵õҵһͬѧһЩ
ȡ˽չ

Դ1950԰ټƵ˹ʵ֤ݱ򵥵Ļ
ˮͻɽ緢壬ܹͨѧӦγɹķӲϣ
ۺγɵʡDNAԼϸĤĸӡռʯҲ
ĳЩһĻѧӣѧͨԶǼʿռҲһ
ķӡ

ԴҪȣܹҸƵĻѧӾۼһ
𡣵ڶЩӼĸƷչʾ죬ԱЩܹõ
ûԴ͵ֿѹֱܹ̳ȥĻ
ЩںʵĻ½ռơ

Ϊֹǻ֪ЩӵЩͨһֳ
ΪRNAӣǺᣩоѧչʾһ̿ܵĹԭ
оԱ֣ЩRNAܹĴٽĳЩѧӦʣ
RNAӵĸơһֻѧӣ˵RNAܹҸƣҲ
ӣܹγɷǳ򵥵Ҹ屻
װڻѧݻĤ棬γɡԭϸҲԭʼϸ
ڰ汾Щ﷢Ľṹ仯±죬磬ʹĳһض
ʼӿ졣ȻѡͿʼˣΪзӽṹƵԭϸ 
临ԡ

ΪԴһŷļ˵ȱش⡣Ϊ
ֹоԴĿѧȻ֪һ黯ѧҸƵʹ
ܹʵɼ򵥵ĻﴴϸҲ޷֤ڼʮǰ
ڵϣǵȻĸ߹ͬĵ·ΣȻ
һĻѧԴĻԭ򣬼ŷĻѧϸڣ
ͨѧоԲĿѧʷʹòƼ᲻ɴݵĿѧ⣬
ԴҲ۵ĽչķչԼʵķֶ


ʯ¼ϸ˽

19ͳҶѧҷֲĳеĻʯһ˳
ڳУΪԶʳøӽҵĵײΪ
ڵĳλһЩȻҲǾԵģϵʯʱλ
ʯ֮ϣڵؿǴģޱ䵼µġ

뵱ƵĻʯĳУ뵱
ϴĻʯλڸϵĳСЩ۲죬಩ѧΪ
ʱ仯а˹ĵ游ǣĺͰ׵¡
ءʿһָȻѡƶĶ߱ĳ֮Ϊ
Ŵdecent with modification

1859귢Դʱѧһ˵Ŀѧ
ʷĳʯҪôΪ֪ҪôǻûгоĹ
Լǰ˽20ʱѼ֧۵֤ݣҲϸ֧
۵֤ݲֵ⣬˵ǸʱĻʯ¼ȫȱЩҪ
Ⱥ֮Ĺɻʯȡ

ʱһѧҷ˺ܶʱδ֪Ĺ
ڸָĿŵ㣬Ϊ5 4ǧ63ǧ5֮ĳ
ʯ﷢ϸĺۼڸĳ﷢ֵĻʯۼ
10ǰʹˡһЩܿǵϸ
Ӳ֮Ĺͣǰǵʷʼ20ʱΨ
һľ񣬶ߴ5 4ǧǰʼڻʯ¼Сңڴ
ڼֵﶼǹڵĳЩҪĽ
ϵһֱܵࡢ֫嶯ȡ

籾鿪ʼʱˮ㡱½ϵ㶯
֮Ҫ͡Լ33ǧǰĻʯ㶯
Ľ̡23ǧǰʯзıõĹǼʾ
ϵʼǳ֪Ĺͣһ
Ϊ15ǧ5ĻʯСͿĹǼܣͬʱëͳ
йڷ˸ʯԼΪ11ǧ꣬Щʯβ
Сдצ֫塣ΪЩĻʯ¼ʾ˺ִܶĽ켣
羨ȡ

ͬĽṹΪͨɹͬȽ

죬ڵϵÿһֶԼĽϵҲ˵
ԭеֲģǸԭеǴԭеֲģѭ
Զšڽ˵ǵĽϵܹݵ
Ľ֮ǸϣִֵĹͬ֡
ʱֱͬΪͬȣпζһȺ
ǵһȡ˵ͺɵĹͬڴԼ600700
ǰһ֣ͺĹͬ4ڶǰں
һֹŴ㡣

ˣ಻ǺɻһԳĺᣬһѾ
ٴڵ֡ҲǽĺᣬתΪ
㶯֡

ֵĹͬԽϽĵô;иΪң
ԶĹͬȵֱȽϣǻиͬΪ
ˣͺȽϣȺȽиԡеﶼ
ٵЩͬԣΪڹȥĳʱǾйͬȡ
磬ۻĻʯͷѧ֤ݣࡢţȵĹͬȺ
ڴԼ1ǰСͲ鶯ùͬȵĺᾭ˺ܶ
Ҫı仯ǵĹȻǳơһλдţ½أ
ǱںգǵĹϸȻ죬
һң幹˶

ѧҰԹͬȵƽṹΪͬԴԡȽϽѧҲ
оṹͬԴԣоֵͬԴԣ֮Ƴ
Ⱦϵͬķѧо֮ͬĲͬ
Ĺܵԡ̥ԻΪԵȵȡЩоΪ
;ṩ֤ݣѽͬǵĹͬϵȻͨ۲컯
ʯ¼ܹԻЩ֤ļ˵

ʱͬĽϵƵĽṹΪơṹǿ
ͬԴԣȴͬĻԹͬȡ磬
ˮܲ࣬ڹȥ5ǧʷУ½زġ
ӽ֮ңԶ졣ǽ
壬㡢㡢ĳΪĿ弫Ϊơ
ܶѧ֧֤ʹýѧܹṹΪ
ԾԹͬȣǶƵĻѹͬӦ

ֲͶĵֲǽĽ

Ķۻҡ԰Ƶڵϡ¡
ͿУÿһֶԼ̬СȻԵáЩ֣
ࡢܹȻĻ档ЩȴǼ˵רŻˡ
һֻһּ׳ʳı棬ضļ׳ֻڷ
ϲĳЩҶһֹӬ׳棨Drosophila carcinophilaֻһ
½зĵƬ컯Ĺ﷢зֻڼձȺ


۵ķܹͶԣܹ˵ĵֲ磬
һĵϹӬɡڹӬDrosophila
йصĻӬScaptomyza500ӬֶֻΪС
ЩռȫйӬĴԼķ֮һȵκһͬ
طҪöࡣΪʲôô಻ֵͬĹӬ鱦أ

𰸾ĵĵʷʷ֮СȺɺеĻɽ
ɣûκδ½ӹӵڲʹؿǼȣ̫ƽ
ƹȵ㡱ʱγȺĵߣϵĵ
ʴճˮ֮¡ϵ½ǿ׻
Kure AtollԼ3ǧǰ̫ƽ𣬶ĵ
󵺡ֻ50ʷȻдĻɽڽС

ȺԭһƬƶ񤣬еֲͶЩ
1200굽1600ǰϵ֮ǰʹڵ֡ͨˮΧ
Ĵ½ңԶĵǵĺᡣĵĹӬԣͬԴ֤
ݣDNA֤ݱеӬͻӬֶһ
ĺᣬּǰռȺ

ЩĿԿٵγɼΪųȺĹ
ӬռвͬĺΡˮֲȵϢأֲϵ
Ϊĸֲܶ֡⣬СȺĹӬеʱҲһֻܹ
ĴӬϵطɵ߱ЯĵϣǶµ֡
ܹڵռСڴ½ͱֽȵˡ磬
ĹӬڵϸܵҶϲѣڴ½̬ͱ
ռˣȺϣСȫλԴ

ڱ޵Ĳ鶯ṩһܺõʵ˵
ֲַӰ졣ڲ鶯ڣ½һγһö
½ء½ķѵ±ķ룬ԺǸԵĲ鶯
ͬķ޽Ĳ鶯ݻʯ¼ִȺʳࡢ
ࡢࡢȡڱҲ֣а
Լݻsaber-toothed catȡԺ󣬴Լ300ǰڵ
ƶ½Դ޵Ĳ鶯
򱱷ǨƣࡢࡢԼȡͬʱֱܶ޵Ĳ
ҲմԽϿ仧Ϸ¹ܡʨܡ͹ȡ

ѧ֤ʵչ֤ݵõĽ

ܶķӻһ֪˹ļ19͵
ѧȻó˽ĽۡԺϸӽṹΪ
ǹڽĻʷṩȫµ֤ݡµ֤ȫ֤ʵɻʯ
¼ֵĵֲԼʽ֤һۡ⣬
֮Ľϵͽṩ˷ḻ֤ݡ

ֳDNAֱӴĸһһشȥ
ֳDNAĴͨЯDNAľӺϸںϽСǰ
DNAĺĴݹлᷢͻ䣻Щ
ԣµDNAпڶķȺɢû
Ӱͻ䣬ͨDNAȺάȥǣDNA
ŹȥŴļ¼ЩӦԵı졣

ͨȽDNAУѧܹʾǴӹͬȷֵ
Ŵ졣ӵнΪڵĹͬȣô
ӵңԶĹͬȵȽϣ֮DNAиΪơ磬
DNAڲͬĸȺ֮ĲСDNAеƽ
Ҳֻмٷֵ㣬ԽڵĹͬȡǣDNA
󡢼DNAеĲԽԽ󣬱ǺЩĽ
ԽԽ󡣱ȽͲӬ漰ֲDNAʱĲ𡣵
ܴӹͬȷ֧Ժ˶೤ʱ䣬DNAее
ڡĳЩϸDNAжһԣЩ
Ծ˾ƹܵķӽṹˣǣΪʲôͨ
оܹ˽Ҫ̡ʵϣ
󲿷ֵҽѧоǻĹͬԡ

ѧĹԶԶֹŪ֮Ľϵܹʾ
ĽŴµԡ˵ѧ
һֱоһֵڵ׵ĹܣõܾѵķУܹ
رϸıЩʵĽṹЩDNAϵ
СRNAӵ΢С仯ܶ֯͹ܷ
ҵӰ졣һı仯ܾĳЩҪĴ¼ķ
㶯֫ת䡣ҪǣǳƵĵڵ
ȻͬӬ󡢺ﶼڣ빲ͬȵľѾ
֮ңDNA֤ʾ̬Ļڶϸ
Ľ֮ǰ֮ȷԺ߶ȱأ仯١

෢Դʷ

Ѿ۹֤ݶָͬĽۣ鳤Ƚ
19ͣԳӵйͬһȫµĸڴʱ
һֱǼұ۵⡣ǽ죬ѧ粻ٻ
֮еĽϵоֽʱùͬĿѧ
͹ߣоԱ˴ģȻվĻʯ޿ķ
ѧ֤ݣǶرĶҲͬ
Ե

DNAбȽϵƳ̶ȣͺɵĹͬڴԼ600
700ǰķޡִĽϻһЩ֧
ѾһЩȺ֡ʷϵĲͬʱڣƺ
֡

Լ410ǰ޳һ֣ѧҰΪϷԳ
Australopithecusһڷϲ֣ڷ޶
Ҳʯһ3ŮԼĹʯĳ
ԺִԳһͷǹǻʯأĶȺ֫
ص㿴еĲʱƺϲϷԳҲһֱ
СϷԳµĽӡѾ֣ýӡ̵ĻɽҸ
ر

Լ230ǰڷ޽еִֶ
ֱΪˣHomo habilis200ǰͷ
ǵĲⶨƽЩϷԳҪԼ50%ʯ
ڴԼ260ǰ

Լ180ǰһӽֱˣHomo erectusˡ
ִӷӵŷǴ½ԺĻʯ¼ֵĺż
һ˵ڵֵĴԶЩֵĴԸ

֤ݱʹԵһĽѧϵִ
Homo sapiensɸڷ޽ġִ֪绯ʯ
20ʷĳԱɢޣԺӵޡ
ޡŷ޺ޣȡЩʱѾȫĳЩȺ

(XYS20080112)

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طҩĻƽʱʱȺ۴ƣ0

Ѱ

ǰӵġװ꡷Ϊжǻˣ̨ͬϼʱ
⣬һչ۷ģǰѾòˣ
Ӣ۱ʱҾ͸ˮ棬ȥڶҽ
һ̣ʵδƽҽý嵽߻ħ
ľ磬ҪǵġۡΪףѧϰӣҲװ꣬
һǻҽ־һΪȴļ

ع˵İ꣬ΪйĳЩ棬˵ҽҩϵ
ãֻбһǰˮƽۣΪҽԱ
ʹļףѰ֪ʱѰǷö
Ըȥ½۰ա

˰Ѳʱ벻ΪǵĹԭԶ㲻
⣬ܶʵ˴⣬˵ҽҩʵޣ
вͬѡ˵ҽеרôһнǣ
Metallic TractorsElisha PerkinsҽPerkinsҽ
ʱԶ¡顢ФͬǸαѧ˸ǧ


Perkinsҽӳиҵ1741꣬ûҽѧԺ
ѧ̽۾ͽPerkinsianԷɰҽѧ˵ˣ
ƽȡǰҺƽѧ˵ҹƽѪƽͬҽ
ѧֻۣĽǣ˵ƾֲȾͷʹʹʪ
̸ʦβһֻõĵ綯Ļһǳ
ĲԱиߴ5,000ʣ8ڣ40ҽ
Լ30ʦı飬Ϊ̵ĶΪרӡһ飬СThe 
Influence of Metallic Tractors on the Human BodyPerkins뷢
αѧʱľޣ˸ǱȽϸеģǰһ
ɱҩʺʹЧŦԼڱĻȲ
мҩڹܺȾò1799꣩ڹ壬
ƺʩĴƼңйǼλαѧң׷Ҳϲ
˸

ѧֻǽչ¶ͷǣ⡰ִһ̵ʱRudolph H. 
Kampmeierҽ1923ҵڰɻѧҽѧԺ˵ҵʱ
ֻ10ҩﱻҽǹΪЧĿհףҵҪ۵
ҩ⣬ҰѴҩطҩרȨҩҩӢΪ
Patent MedicineProprietary Medicineֱ뵱Ϊרҩʵ
Щҩﲢûרֻӵ߶䷽רΪЩҩ
Ϊطҩʾר

ѧʱЩطҩеʱǸʱǡ޴ľñ
ʱչҵʢУô෴кطҩ
ýҵһĽϣͬƭȡߵҵһϵо
ۿȺ󣬱Ӣۡ

ûļƻ¶ٸ󣬱ٸۣӭѲۣ
áҵۼڴFDAȤϣ
ʹ¹ؼʣ

Patent Medicine, Proprietary Medicine, Quack medicine, Media 
corruption, FDA, PFDA (Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906), FTC Act, 
Truth-in-advertising, The Jungle, The Great American Fraud, 
Muckraking journalism

λѲָ̡߲

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ҽ˿ΪʲôҪͳƺôͳ

lw56102

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Ҳйе98%ϵʵ˵Ҳ١һЩ߼
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